Gender Roles Of Disney Films - 1598 Words

When you think of Disney, you think about how everyone lives their happy ever after fairytale. Most Americans grew up with Disney and have a strong connection with the brand. Yet, there is a lot more to a classic Disney film, then what the average American sees the first time viewing. Gender roles, also known as gender stereotypes, are things to be considered appropriate to certain men or women and we are constantly surrounded by them without even realizing it. Cultural gender roles in America have changed over time, from when Disney animated films were first released. Women were only housewives at those times, they were responsible for cooking, cleaning, taking care of their kids, and other housework while the husband took care of†¦show more content†¦Before she met the prince she had no individual power, as she was constantly being ordered around by her stepmother and stepsisters. Disney portrays the many stereotypical ideas of women being enslaved to a life of domesticati on in just this film Cinderella is commanded to do domestic work, and she is willingly accepted to do the work instead of complaining and even sings as smiles as she does the work. Even though this is also seen as a negative thing in the film, Cinderella is always obedient and never stands up for herself despite knowing the position she is in is unfair for her. At the end of the storyline Cinderella us released by the end of the storyline, but only because the prince saves her. Cinderella is portrayed as having no strength as a woman until a man comes along and helps her. Disney presents women as inferior, for they need a man to be successful in life. In the first Disney animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, many of the same stereotypes that are presented in the film Cinderella where first presented in this film as well. In the film, Snow White is taking refuge in the forest where she lives with seven dwarfs to hide from her stepmother who also happens to be the evil Queen . The queen is jealous of Snow White because Snow Whites fairness surpasses the Queens. Snow White ended up eating a poisoned apple which makes her fall in a curse and is later on saved by aShow MoreRelatedEssay on How Do Gender Roles Get Portrayed in Disney Films?702 Words   |  3 PagesA. Definition of Gender Roles A gender role consists of characteristics that refer to a set of social and behavioral norms that are widely considered appropriate for either males or females. Gender roles are different throughout society and cultures. One gains gender roles unconsciously, consciously, or genetically due to cultural rules (Princeton). B. How film characters are seen by the audience Many people view women as weak in hopeless and males as strong and heroic in films. Male characters areRead MoreThe Success Of The Multi Million Dollar Disney Corporation Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesmulti-million dollar Disney corporation is undeniable. Whether it be through films, books, merchandise, or television advertisements, Disney has considerable impact on children’s lives. One of Disney’s primary influences has been on the construction of children’s perception on gender roles and gender expectations. The influence Disney has on young children has been bought to the attention of critics, who argue these films produce unhealthy, concealed messages to the most vulnerable viewers. Disney is aimed atRead MoreFilm Production Of Disney Films1737 Words   |  7 PagesDisney Company is among the most significant film companies in the world. For a long time, Disney film has provided great and interesting films for children. These films aim at providing educat ion to children on various subjects affecting the society. The production of these films has enabled the Disney Company to gain international recognition as a significant film production company for children’s films. Most of the films produced by the company displays high levels of literary production. In additionRead MoreMulan Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe representation of women in Disney films has indefinitely transformed throughout the decades due to Disney’s need to gradually create conventional views and ideas of women. When comparing the 1998 Disney film, Mulan, and the 2016 Disney film, Moana, people may suggest that both are progressive feminist films that accurately depict their individual cultures, while uplifting the women in these films. However, with further analysis, Mulan consists of not only sexist views towards women, but alsoRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney Films Mulan And Aladdin1393 Words   |  6 PagesStarting its production of films in the ear ly 20th century, Disney has become a very popular company targeting an audience of children and adults. By the 21st century, its films has gone through many changes according to trends during those periods of time, especially with relationships between males and females. Men has always been prominent compared to the women in the movies. Women were displayed to be very dependent on male characters to come rescue them, no signs of independency are apparentRead MoreGender Role Portrayal And The Disney Princesses Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pageswatching Disneys films idolizing many of the characters as it was the biggest not to mention still is the most popular form of family entertainment. But by taking a closer look into these films we begin to realize that the Disney princess line, through their story lines and characters are setting up gender roles for children, essentially educating them on what society deems appropriate for their gender. Many of their movies often portray so me stereotypical representation of gender, consistentlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney Princess Films848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Disney princess films are some of the most common in the world today. Because of their popularity, these works speak and evaluate, in significant detail, by various scholars. Numerous people disapprove these films for their seemingly sexist and oppressive gender messages. They find fault with the princesses serving as role models for young girls. Though, when one attentively scrutinizes the movies and compares the individualities of the princesses to the progressive woman of their time, one mayRead MoreMovie Analysis : Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs1697 Words   |  7 PagesThrough Disney animations Walt Disney has cultivated a society driven by stereotypes on gender roles that have restricted the liberties of young girls and boys alike to explore their own individuality. Disney s brilliance transcended beyond his ability to captivate an audience, his true talent resided within his ability to leave a direct impact on his viewers. As the prominent academic Jack Zipes puts it, The power of Disney s fairytale films does not reside in the uniqueness or novelty of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Disney Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Disney is huge animation company and their films are an enormous part of the entertainment industry in the whole world. They influence all kinds of people, from children to adults. Also, Disney was created over 90 years ago, and till this very day its most entertaining animation company. Throughout period of time, they have played a tremendous role in how society displays gender roles. As Janet Wasko explains: â€Å"Disney provides an opportunity to analyse an entire popular cultural phenomenon fromRead MoreEssay on Informative speech1259 Words   |  6 PagesOUTLINE] The Effects of Disney Films Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the different stereotypes Disney portrayed in their movies. Central Idea/Thesis Statement: Different types of stereotypes in Disney movies effect children’s view on gender roles. INTRODUCTION I. When you wish upon a star; makes no difference who you are†¦. Or does it? If you recognized this classic Disney song, that means you grew up watching Disney during your childhood. II. The Disney movie franchise has been

Short Term Effects Of Reconstruction Essay - 982 Words

The end of the Civil War produced many short-term and long-term effects. After the Civil War through 1896, the North and South tried to reunite the United States to avoid being attacked by other countries. While the government tried to solve the problems with rebuilding the nation, their solutions were short term and failed to address the problem. There were many disagreements about Reconstruction that lead to conflict in the government and in the South. There were many plans that the government created to give African Americans rights that failed. Rebuilding the Nation, the battle over Reconstruction, and finally the end of Reconstruction led to several short and long term effects. The government tried to solve key problems facing the†¦show more content†¦After attempting to rebuild the nation with short term plans, the United States continued to have disagreements over Reconstruction. Disagreements over Reconstruction lead to conflict in government and in the South. Andrew Johnson was the vice president of Abraham Lincoln. After Lincoln was assassinated, Johnson became President and was in control of how Reconstruction would go. Johnson was originally from the South, he was pro-slavery, and he wanted a lenient plan for Reconstruction. While Congress was out of session, Johnson created and put into effect a Reconstruction plan. The opposite party to Johnson was the Radical Republicans. Radical Republicans were mostly from the North, they were anti-slavery, and they wanted a strict plan for Reconstruction. They had strong support from scalawags, carpetbaggers, and freedmen. Their main goal of Reconstruction was to be a total reconstruction of society to guarentee black people true equality. Another party in this battle was the Klu Klux Klan. The Klu Klux Klan used terror to stop African Americans from gaining any power. They would whip, torture, shoot, hang, and som etimes burn people alive. There were hundreds of lives lost during the 1868 election. This cause voting from African Americans to decline. After all of the disagreements about Reconstruction, the end of Reconstruction still failed to give African Americans rights. Reconstruction failed in many ways toShow MoreRelatedOrigin Of And Role Played By Manifest Destiny1323 Words   |  6 Pagesand Role Played by Manifest Destiny John O’Sullivan, a newspaper editor, coined the term Manifest Destiny in 1845. Since then, scholars have used the term to refer to the expansionistic excitement that defined the 1840s. During that time, the United States’ population had more than quadrupled and Americans believed God had destined that they span the entire North America from one coast to the other. 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Coca-Cola HBC Positioned to Maintain a Sustainable Value

Question: Write an essay on Coca-Cola HBC. Answer: Coca-Cola HBC has been known for its fundamental strengths as well as strong sales that had been well positioned to maintain a sustainable value over the long-term. However, the organization calls itself sustainable because it has created shared value not for its shareholders, employees but also its consumers as well as customers that had been associated with the company. It was merely in last decade, when the company opted for corporate social responsibility that was incorporated in all aspects of business management. Dow Jones Sustainability and Europe Sustainability Indices have recognized their efforts in sustainability since 2009 (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2016). Moreover, a companys sustainability can be analyzed by different profitability ratios such as Return on Investments (ROI), Return on Equity (ROE), Payout Ratio, Return on Assets (ROA) and Gross Profit Margin from the Revenue. The table below is given from 2013 to 2015 for the company Coca Cola Hellenic. 2013 2014 2015 ROI 5.56% 6.76% 6.94% Gross margin 35.43% 35.56% 36.70% ROA 3.05% 4.17% 4.18% Payout Ratio 87.60% 54.70% 80.30% ROE 7.43% 10.26% 10.00% a) ROI The ROI positioning of the company has increased in the upcoming years this depicts that the company has shown an increased investments profitability that suggests that the efficiency of the use of funds have been showing an increasing trend as higher ROI is considered to be a better choice (Rezaee 2015). b) Gross Profit Margin The gross profit margin of sales from the revenue depicts the revenue to be increasing in the last three years. The revenue, which stands to be 6874 in 2013 followed by 6510 in 2014 and 6346 in 2015, shows a declining trend. However, resulting in less of Cost of Goods sold following the years, the gross profit margin has shown to be increasing. The drastic increment can be seen from the year 2014 2015 illustrating an upward trend. c) ROA The Return on Assets sole purpose is to generate assets that could be convertible into cash and simultaneously generate profits. Although, it is an indicator of net income but it has been showing an increasing sometimes can be red. Moreover, the ROA can be sometimes regarded as Return on Investment even because assets even generate sales. According to the graph, the ROA has been increasing gradually depicting to show an increasing trend (Nicolescu, Alpopi and Zaharia 2015). d) Payout Ratio The payout ratio depicts that the company has been emerging to a better dividend paid company in 2015 as it reviews that firm the sustainable position of the company has been fluctuating over years. Although, 2015 depicts to be a good years for Coca Cola Hellenic but has been facing bottlenecks when aligned with the economic cycle. The sustainable earnings or rather the cash flow position of the company depicts not to be stable over the extended periods but shows an increasing trend (Rezaee 2015). e) ROE Return on Equity is called as Return on Common Stockholders Equity. It illustrates the generation of income for the stockholders equity. However, as depicted, every stockholder gets 10% of the equity for every one dollar invested in 2015. Although, ROE shows a fluctuating trend but according to last year result, it has been showing a decreasing trend on shareholders equity (Lin, Chang and Dang 2015). 2. GRI Table to identify Ethical Issues GRI is the Global Reporting Initiative that has been undertaken to depict a wider perspective of the sustainability position of the organization. The GRI studies all the perspectives relating to organization, environmental, societal as well as economic issues that may impact the sustainable position of the organization based on the guidelines of maintaining a balance, comparability, accuracy, timeliness, clarity as well as reliability (Coca Cola Hellenic 2015). The GRI table given on each organization is different from one another such that they are based on firm size, location and reporting process that produces comparable results (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2014). Coca Cola Hellenic has varying level of expertise in the years of reporting a sustainable position. The ethical issues points out towards the business and society that has been growing complex in the fields such that the changes made for the high performance results in rapid decisions that lead to mistakes and negative impacts in various areas of the organization. Coca Hellenic has always been complex and changing like sustainability that has been focusing on issues enough to encourage innovation and transparency on the burning issues (Global Reporting Initative 2015). 1) The organization has been facing problems with the internal processes that are posing a threat to the corporate social responsibility of the organization. 2) The issues had been quite augmenting on the economic as well as environmental parameters while listening to the material aspects and managing the resilience of the business towards human capital skills and others. 3) On the other hand, corporate governance is another issue that needs to be formulated. 4) GRI guidelines mar k transparency with dialogues as one of the issue that Coca Cola Hellenic is not able to keep with as it is resulting in a multifaceted reasons (Global Reporting Initative 2015). Overall, the issue that needs to enhance in the stakeholder management is the principles of Materiality, Completeness and context of Sustainability. On precise terms, the real amount of sustainability needs to be achieved on better management, employment, investments, campaigning, purchasing, etc. a) Environmental Issues The environmental issue relates to the increase in carbon density that has been hampering the companys revenue. Although, the company in 2015 has been involving itself in endorsing reduction targets but this is the only proposed work rather the implementation needs to be started in due time (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2016). The energy activities has been lost die to the use of different machinery that has been depleting the energy resources around the factory areas. However, there is a need for investments. As far as the figures are concerned, the revenue and the less payout received is due to the profits have been implemented in the energy activities as well as recycling of waste generation. The other environmental issues that are highlighted are the water risks relating to issues in basins that seem to be stressing on the worsening conditions in the southern and the eastern regions in the climate changes taking place. On the other hand, packaging issue has been prominent as the waste from packaging is the non-renewable content that is damaging the atmosphere. Moreover, the recovery and recycling content has been facilitated (Idowu and Leal Filho 2014). b) Economic Issues The economic issues are not concentrated to economy but also to the holdup that has been there in business. The advantages over core business activities have been generating economic bottlenecks. The other concern highlights less measurable results have been gathered over delivering long-term partnerships. In addition, there is a continuous encouragement for the participation of the employees in communities. Coca-Cola Hellenic is trying to increase the local supplier base to the business activities that support investments projects and train the employees rigorously. The employment not has been reached to 600,000 people throughout the supply value chain in Europe (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2016). c) Social Issues There is a need to generate managerial roles as the company needs to establish the contingency reserve in the areas and develop the roles for women as well. The social issues accompany the resilience that there should be a world-class safety culture that needs to be undertaken to not only promote well being but also ethical nature which is inclusive of the fair workplace. On the other hand, human rights policy activated should be activated on the employees to create a follow up such that the employees are given equal opportunities with occupational health and safety while developing proper leadership and control and compliance with employment and labour laws (Coca-Cola Hellenic 2013). References Coca Cola Hellenic. (2015).Sustainability Report 2015. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/2390/coca-cola-hbc_2015-integrated-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Coca-Cola Hellenic. (2013).Coca-Cola HBC 2013 Global Reporting Initiative Communication on Progress (GRI COP) Report 2013. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/1181/cch-gri-cop-2013.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Coca-Cola Hellenic. (2014).Its good to share Building trust, spreading happiness. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/1202/annual-integrated-report_2014.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Coca-Cola Hellenic. (2016).Coca-Cola HBC AG 2015 Integrated Annual Report Showcases Focus on Sustainable Growth. Available at: https://coca-colahellenic.com/media/2526/2015-iar-non-reg-march-2016.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Financials Morningstar. (2016).Growth, Profitability, and Financial Ratios for Coca-Cola HBC AG (CCH) from Morningstar.com. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=CCHregion=gbrculture=en-US [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Global Reporting Initatve. (2015).Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/GRIG4-Part1-Reporting-Principles-and-Standard-Disclosures.pdf [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. Idowu, S. and Leal Filho, W. (2014).Professionals' perspectives of corporate social responsibility. Heidelberg: Springer. Lin, C., Chang, R. and Dang, V. (2015). An Integrated Model to Explain How Corporate Social Responsibility Affects Corporate Financial Performance.Sustainability, 7(7), pp.8292-8311. Nicolescu, E., Alpopi, C. and Zaharia, C. (2015). Measuring Corporate Sustainability Performance.Sustainability, 7(1), pp.851-865. Rezaee, Z. (2015).Business sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.

Thomas Edison Essay Thesis Example For Students

Thomas Edison Essay Thesis ThomasEdison could probably be properly called Mr. Electricity because of the manyinventions and millions of dollars that he used and invested with electricity. From the invention of the light bulb, to the invention of the phonograph ThomasEdison made electricity a reality for the masses. And one of his greatestinfluences was from his Father a very positive man. A long with the greatinfluence he had upon Americans and the world. He sparked the movement oftodays computer ran world. Thomas Edison was born February 11, 1847 in Milan,Ohio. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Edison, Jr. and Nancy ElliotEdison. His parents had no special mechanical background. His mother was aformer schoolteacher; his father was a jack-of-all-trades from running agrocery store to real estate. When Thomas was seven years old, his family movedto Port Huron, Michigan. He was a very curious child who asked a lot ofquestions. Edison began school in Port Huron, Michigan when he was seven. Histeacher, the Reverend G. B. Engle considered Thomas to be a dullstudent.(Allen pg. 22) Thomas especially did not like math. And he asked toomany questions. The story goes that the teacher whipped students who askedquestions. After three months of school, the teacher called Thomas,addled. Thomas was pissed. The next day, Nancy Edison brought Thomasback to school to talk with Reverend Engle. The teacher told his mother thatThomas couldnt learn. Nancy also became angry at the teachers strict ways. We will write a custom essay on Thomas Edison Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She took Thomas out of school and decided to home-school him.(Allen pg. 34) It appears he briefly attended two more schools. However, his schoolattendance was not very good. So nearly all his childhood learning took place athome. Edisons parents loved to read. They read to him works of good literatureand history. They had many books that young Tom eagerly devoured. Before he was12, he had read works by Dickens and Shakespeare, Edward Gibbons Fall of theRoman Empire and Decline, and more. Nancy Edison encouraged her curious son tolearn things for himself. His parents were dedicated to teaching their children. They did not force him to learn about things he didnt enjoy. So he learnedabout things that interested him the most. When Thomas was nine Nancy Edisongave him an elementary science book. It explained how to do chemistryexperiments at home. Edison did every experiment in the book. Then Nancy gavehim more books on science. He soon loved chemistry and spent all his spare moneybuying chemicals from a local pharmacy. He collected bottles, wires, and otheritems for experiments. Abbott Pg. 2 At age 10, Thomas built his first sciencelaboratory in the basement of the familys home. His father disapproved of allthe time Thomas spent in the basement. Sometimes Sam offered a penny to Thomasif he would go back to reading books. But Thomas often used his pennies to buymore chemicals for experiments. He labeled all his bottlesPoison.(Denmark pg. 25) Edison had many ear problems throughouthis childhood. When he was 15, a train accident injured his ears more. When hetried to jump on a moving train, a conductor grabbed the boys ears to help pullhim up. Thomas said he felt something snap inside his head. He soon began tolose much of his hearing. (Swanson pg. 34) Thomas never became deaf, but fromthen on he was hard of hearing. His deafness could have been cured by anoperation. But Thomas refused the operation. He said being deaf helped himconcentrate. When Edison was 21, he got a job in Boston as an expert nighttelegraph operator. Even though he worked nights, he slept little during theday. He was too busy experimenting with electrical currents. Edison worked toimprove a telegraph machine that would send many messages at the same time overthe same wire. He borrowed money from a friend, and soon quit his job. Now hecould spend all his time inventing. The first invention that he tried to sellwas an electric vote recorder. It made voting faster and more accurate. But noone wanted to buy it. Today it is used in many states to record votes oflegislators. (Allen pg. 45) He moved to New York City in the summer of 1869. .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 , .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .postImageUrl , .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 , .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9:hover , .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9:visited , .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9:active { border:0!important; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9:active , .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9 .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf35e0b98b8ffa8cd5d220078522331b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Love, Lust and Obsession in The Great Gatsby EssayHe had no money. A friend let him sleep in a basement office below Wall Street. Edison spent a lot of time studying the stock market ticker. That was themachine that gave information about stock market prices. It was a spin-off ofthe Morse telegraph device. Once, Edison fixed a broken stock ticker so wellthat that the owners hired him to build a better one. Within a year he made theEdison Universal Stock Printer. Edison sold the rights for the stock ticker. Hethought he might get paid around $4,000 for it. He got $40,000! With all thismoney, Edison started a business in Newark, New Jersey. He built stock tickersand high-speed printing telegraphs. At this shop he improved on the typewriter. Until Edison improved it, you could write faster than you could type. Edison wasa poor financial manager. In his late 20s, he began to have money problems. After six years at his workshop in Newark, New Jersey, Edison asked his fatherto help build a new invention factory. Edison built his new sciencelaboratory at the village of Menlo Park, NJ. Now he and his two businesspartners could devote their full attention to inventing. Edison promised that hewould build a small invention every ten days and a big invention every sixmonths! He also said he would take orders for inventions. Abbott Pg. 3 They moved into the new building in March 1876. His first invention was animprovement on the telephone. Before Edisons improvement, people had to shoutwhen they used the telephone. The new lab had around 60 workers. It didntmatter to Edison what a persons background was. If he thought someone hadtalent, that was enough. Edison achieved his greatest successes in thislaboratory. Soon he had 40 different projects going at the same time. Heapplied for as many as 400 patents a year. (Denmark pg. 54) His ideas andinventions ranged from the practical to the crazy. Edison worked at Menlo Parkfor over 10 years. Edison became a business partner with some of New Yorksrichest people, J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilts. Together they formed theEdison Electric Light Company. They made this company before electric lightbulbs had been invented. Today this company is called General Electric. Thephonograph was Edisons favorite invention. He invented the talkingmachine by accident while working on teleg raphs and telephones. But thephonograph didnt go on sale to the public for another 10 years. It was atinfoil phonograph. Edison called it a talking machine and asound writing machine. (Allen pg. 54) This was no improvement ofexisting technology. It was not something he planned to invent. This wassomething brand new and Edisons most original invention. And it happened byaccident. He was working on ways to record telegraph messages automatically. Thefirst words he recorded were Mary Had A Little Lamb. He was 30 yearsold. He worked on and off for more than twenty years to perfect the recordplayer. Scientists had been working to invent electric light for many years. Back then people used candles and gaslights to light their homes. But gaslightswere smelly and smoky. After two years in his new laboratory, Edison boasted hewould invent a safe, mild, and inexpensive electric light. Edison searched forthe proper filament or wire, which would give good light whenelectricity flowed through it. He sent people to the jungles of the Amazon andforests of Japan in his search for a perfect filament material. He tested over6,000 vegetable growths (baywood, boxwood, hickory, cedar, flax, and bamboo) asfilament material. In 1879, after spending $40,000, and performing 1,200experiments, he succeeded. He made a light bulb using carbonized filaments fromcotton thread. Carbonized thread is ordinary cotton sewing thread that has beenburned to an ash. The light bulb burned for two days. The electric light tookthe greatest amount of time and required the most complicated experiments of allhis experiments. Abbott Pg. 4 One of Edisons engineers, William J. Hammer, made a discovery, which later led to the electron tube. The electron tube led to theelectric signal, which led to electronics. Electronics is a branch of sciencethat is related to electricity. Without electronics we might not have radio, TV,CDs, computers, x-ray machines or space travel. The discovery of electrons waspatented as the Edison effect which is the basis of electronics. In1887 Edison built a bigger invention factory in West Orange, New Jersey. ThisEdison Laboratory was 10 times larger than his first lab in Menlo Park. It isnow a national monument. This Laboratory Unit had fourteen buildings. Six ofthese buildings were devoted to the business of inventing. Themain building alone was the size of three football fields. (Denmark pg. 75)It had space for machine shops, glass-blowing operations, electrical testingrooms, chemical stockrooms, electrical power generation, and other functions. Atthe Edison Laboratory they made new products and improved old products. Over5,000 people work ed there. Edison attempted to personally manage this largestaff. The story goes that when a new employee once asked about lab rules,Edison said, there aint no rules around here! Were tryin to accomplishsomepn. Every day Edison toured this huge facility to see what was goingon. But he spent most of his time doing paperwork instead of experiments. He didhis paperwork in the library. The research library was an office and trophyroom. Edison received many, many awards throughout his life. In the center ofhis office, Edison sat at a desk with three dozen pigeonholes, surrounded byover 10,000 books. At West Orange, Edison improved the phonograph using waxrecords. Now he could build phonographs to sell to the public. Out of the WestOrange laboratories came the motion picture camera and silent and sound movies. .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 , .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .postImageUrl , .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 , .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4:hover , .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4:visited , .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4:active { border:0!important; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4:active , .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4 .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf31c153e499f53023c9650bffc00f6f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: what is the sociological perspective (imagination) EssayHis factory improved the alkaline storage battery, the electric pen, the copymachine, and the dictating machine. Other inventions and improvements included acement mixer, the microphone, and a magnetic process to separate iron ore. Edison invented the concept of film reels for motion-picture cameras. He alsoconnected a motion picture camera to a phonograph. Now he could put sound withmotion pictures! In 1913, Edison introduced the first talking moving pictures. Before photocopying machines were invented, Edison invented an electricpen which was really a puncturing device that rapidly punched holesin a sheet of waxed paper. A historian suggested this pen lookedlike a sewing machine. There were silly moments in the lab also. Sometimesthey tried mixing chemicals that seemed foolish coffee, eggs, sugaring, andmilking. (Allen pg. 45) His Abbott Pg. 5 lab held everything forexperimenting whalebone, tortoise shell, elephant hide, and even the hair of aperson, a native Amazonian. It is rumored that one of Edisons friends saidthe lab storeroom even had the eyeballs of a US senator. (Denmark pg. 54)Most of these lab substances had no practical use, but a few did. Edison usedrain-forest nuts to make phonograph needles. Japanese bamboo was used to makefilament (wire) for his light bulb. The hair of the Amazon was used for a wigfor the first talking doll. In the dolls chest was hidden a tiny phonographspeaker. In 1915, Edison was appointed president o f the U.S. Navy ConsultingBoard. He believed that electricity would make weapons more powerful. He claimedto have made an explosive that would explode if yelled at. He invented anelectric torpedo. Edison urged Congress to establish the Naval ResearchLaboratory in 1920. (Allen pg. 58) This was the first military researchlaboratory. For more than forty years, the laboratory created by Thomas AlvaEdison in West Orange, NJ, had enormous impact on the lives of millions ofpeople around the world. Edisons last patented invention was a way to makemanmade rubber. The lab continued to invent things even after Edison died in1931. So to create a rough summary of Thomas Alva Edisons life would besimple. He was raised in a positive environment with lots of encouragement fromhis father. And he made it possible for electronics to become an everyday partof our lives.